International Journal of Multilingual Education

Social Stereotype in Philip Larkin’s Poetry: A Multicultural Aspect

Alla Anisimova — 2024-12-18

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The article deals with the study of language representation of stereotyped images, which are
essential elements of any national and cultural community and participate in forming cultural
norms. The term stereotype images is considered not only cognitive and linguistic-cultural
phenomena but also psychological, sociological and ethnopsycholinguistic ones. It studies the
significance in the area of stereotypes within the English-language discourse and determines the
peculiarities of the representation of stereotyped images in the lyrics of the poet of the 20th century
P. Larkin compared to the area of stereotypes within the German-language discourse based on the
peculiarities of the stereotypes representation in the poetry of E. M. Remarque as representative of
different cultures, comparing and contrasting the cultural stereotype of the same period, using a
multicultural approach. The research results can be used in further scientific analysis of stereotypes,
methods of identifying and researching stereotypes of poetic language, in the lexicographic
description of clichés and stereotypes of mass texts of English and German cultures in multicultural
contexts.

Binding EU Studies in the Education Policy of Georgia

Ekaterine Kardava Kardava — 2024-12-18

EU Studies are importantly developed in Georgia. Almost all universities of Georgia include the teaching of EU law or EU-related other courses within different higher educational programs. But obligatory nature of EU studies is only inserted into specialized European Studies Programs and Master Law Programs in Georgia.

It could be stressed that enlargement, empowerment and making more and more binding EU studies should be the top agenda not only on higher education but also vocational and school levels. It is especially essential after the issuing of Enlargement Package 2023 from the EU side and granting the Candidacy to Georgia.

More and deeper Europeanisation leads the process to more internalization skills, competitiveness, knowledge of EU standards and policies, comparative studies, strategic communication and dissemination. Furthermore, the EU studies could play an important role in approaching the common understanding of Georgian European way. With this regard teaching empowerment in regions and among ethnic minorities is a particular issue.

Education and science are the instruments which should bring Georgia closer towards freedom, prosperity, better European perspective and membership in the EU.

Metaphorical Representations of Russia in Georgian Political Discourse

Tamar Guchua — 2024-12-18

A case of a cognitive process involving the transfer of knowledge from one conceptual domain to another is known as a metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Quinn, 1991; Kövecses, 2002; Kövecses, 2005). The study of metaphor is not limited to cognitive linguistics. Our cognition of the external world always occurs within the context of a specific culture and language. Considering these aspects, metaphor is also an ethnocultural phenomenon.

The concept of culture brings together many institutional components of human society, among which politics plays a significant role. Political metaphors in language are often based on political events as the source domain, and the meaning is transferred to the target domain through comparison, association, or analogy.

In the 20th century, during the Soviet occupation of Georgia, a number of expressions emerged in the Georgian language, rooted in political context and based on metaphorical generalizations of historical events. Considering the ongoing Russian occupation of Georgian territories, the use of these expressions remains as relevant as ever.

The study aims to analyze Russia-related metaphors in contemporary Georgian political discourse. It is structured in the following way: 1. Observation of the discourse and identification of metaphors; 2. Conceptual analysis of the metaphors; 3. Identification of historical-political factors and the determination of the etymology of specific metaphorical instances.

The study's findings indicate that the metaphors found in Georgian political discourse have two dimensions: semantic and pragmatic. One dimension is that these metaphors reflect political events, while the other is that they serve as important tools in the construction of cultural identity.

Regarding the issue of teaching grammar for its own sake in Georgian schools

Irina Lortkipanidze — 2024-12-18

This article addresses an important issue in Georgian public schools, the problem of teaching grammar “for its own sake” when teaching Russian as a second foreign language. The state standard of Georgia requires that Russian be taught using communicative methodology. However, recent Georgian textbooks propose a series of purely grammatical tasks that violate this requirement. This article analyses the tasks proposed in the textbooks and identifies which principles of communicative methodology they disregard. Additionally, this article discusses why teachers and authors of educational resources are slow to transition toward communicative methods for teaching grammar and speaking skills development.

Sociolinguistic Sexism in English Language Classroom (Biased Interpretations)

Mariami AkopiaN — 2024-12-18

The research experiment dwells upon to study the essence of various lexical and grammatical means constituting linguistic sexism in the English language classroom and suggests specific recommendations for teaching of nonsexist style of English. The research experiment consists of case studies and tests developed by the researcher with the purpose of investigating whether and/or how linguistic sexism is problematic in teaching of the English language among Georgian students of English at university. The discussion of the literature demonstrates that the use of generic and sexist forms creates masculine gender-bias which is perceived and understood as not referring to females or to unspecified gender referents.

The experiment concretizes on the existence of various lexical and grammatical means constituting linguistic sexism in the English language, and attempted to explore whether and/or how these variables are problematic in teaching of the English language referring to the administered tests and suggests specific recommendations for teaching of nonsexist style of English. Whether grammatical gender exists in language or not, gender will be communicated through different means of practices as long as it is an appropriate social category in a language community. In Georgian, in most of the pairs of gender-marked nouns, the feminine precedes the masculine. Therefore, the subjects of the experiment were given the tasks containing the Georgian sentences and texts with pairs of gender-marked nouns, gender-unspecified forms and several other gender focused forms to translate into English.

The implementations of gender-neutralization language teaching methods might serve as a remedy for gender unequal language treatment performed in the English language classroom. Here, the role of social and linguistic factors determines the success of applying non-sexist teaching methods.

Linguopolitological Analysis of Thematical Speeches by Georgian Politicians (Ukraine Thema in Georgian Politician discourse)

Tatia Tsetskhladze — 2025-02-26

The development of modern technologies has led to improved scientific activities. A complex use of the traditional and innovative methods of research offers broad opportunities for the analysis of topical issues from diverse viewpoints. The paper is an attempt of linguopolitological analysis of topical issues like political communication in general and the speeches of Georgian politicians in particular. Modern technologies offer the opportunity to observe the linguistic behavior of politicians. Hence, different aspects of political speech have fallen within the focus of scholars. The gender issue is among these aspects because it is extremely important to carry out the research of the dynamics of activities of female politicians and identify the linguistic peculiarities of speeches of female politicians as compared to those of male ones.

The necessity for gender research of oral Georgian political speech is due to several factors. It should be mentioned that in the past two decades the number of female members of Parliament has increased significantly in Georgia. The regulations of the 10^th Parliamentary elections of Georgia in 2021 underline that 1 out of every 4 candidates in the party lists should be female.² Active involvement of female politicians has changed the political culture and improved the environment that used to be affected by gender stereotypes.

The aim of the paper is to implement gender research of oral Georgian political speech using a new method – linguopolitological analysis. On the one hand, this will enable complex research of the language means used in political speeches. On the other hand, the research will identify the relationship between political speeches and political processes.

The English Semantic Correlates of the Georgian Conditional-Resultative Constructions

Maia Lomia — 2024-12-18

The mechanism of conditional-resultative construction is defined by the correspondence between the verb mood and the subordinating conjunction. The paper analyzes three types of hypotactic constructions in Georgian and their semantic correlates in English. The aim is to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages.The comparative theoretical analysis of the Georgian-English empirical material is of practical value as well: the research outcomes are interesting and useful for translator-linguists, language teachers and students.

Multilingual Childhood Toys

Ekaterina Protassova — 2024-12-18

This study explores the significant role of toys and games in shaping childhood memories, cultural identity, and family dynamics among multilingual individuals reflecting on their formative years in immigration. Through qualitative interviews, using content, thematic, and discourse analysis, 25 Russophone respondents share nostalgic recollections of cherished toys, ranging from classic items like plush bears to modern board games, highlighting their emotional significance and the developmental benefits of play. The findings reveal that toys are not merely objects but serve as tools for fostering creativity, social skills, and emotional growth. Additionally, the study examines the impact of cultural backgrounds, particularly among immigrant families, on play experiences and toy selection. Concerns regarding the shift from traditional play to modern digital games, as well as issues of sustainability and heritage language preservation, are also discussed. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of play in bridging past and present experiences, reflecting broader themes of personal development and family connections.

Russification of Language and Culture in Soviet Georgia (According to the Georgian Émigré Press)

Irine , Chachanidze — 2024-12-18

After the Sovietization of Georgia in 1921, the Russification language policy effected culture as well. The process took place in two directions: centripetal and centrifugal. The first case implied linguistic and cultural assimilation, while the second one, on the contrary, — the strive to preserve the native language and culture. After the Sovietization of Georgia, the political elite was forced to emigrate to Europe. They published Georgian-language newspapers in various European cities for years as part of the struggle for independence.

The article aims to collect relevant empirical material based on the digital corpus of the press of the Georgian emigrants of the 20s-30s of the 20th century and to answer the following questions through the method of sociolinguistic analysis:1) How did Georgian-Russian language contacts take place? 2) To what extent was Georgia ready to accept the Russian language in all areas of cultural life? 3) In what directions was the protection of the Georgian language provided?

The period of Soviet occupation was difficult for Georgian culture. Under the colonial-repressive regime, when even the use of the word “Georgia” was prohibited and a deliberate Russification of the Georgian nation was underway, people working in the cultural sector had to deal with the strictest censorship to preserve their national identity.

The results of the research conducted as part of the present paper will give the opportunity to find out under what pressure the Georgian language and culture had to function during Russification.