Unlocking Reading – Developing Reading and Critical Thinking Skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2025.10432Keywords:
critical thinking, reading strategies, EFL, reading skillsAbstract
Critical reading goes beyond surface understanding of a text. It involves readers' interpreting, analysing, questioning, and evaluating texts while recognising assumptions, assessing evidence, and linking ideas to broader academic, cultural, and social contexts. Within various frameworks of critical thinking development, such engagement is vital for constructing meaning and developing analytical, cognitive, and reflective skills necessary for independent interpretation of a narrative. These skills are best cultivated through well-organised reading strategies.
This paper reviews the textbook Unlocking Reading – Developing Reading and Critical Thinking Skills, which aims to improve university students’ critical and analytical reading skills. The textbook is currently being piloted in the Department of English Philology at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (TSU).
It analyses the organisation, content, and teaching implications of the textbook. Additionally, it presents and analyses findings from an electronic survey conducted at TSU among students and teachers using the book during the current academic term, evaluating its effectiveness concerning developing and enhancing critical reading skills and strategies.
References
Anderson, N. J. (1991). Individual differences in strategy use in second language reading and testing. The Modern Language Journal, 75(4), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05385.x
Anderson, R. C. (1984). Role of the reader’s schema in comprehension, learning, and memory. In R. C. Anderson, J. Osborn, & R. J. Tierney (Eds.), Learning to read in American schools (pp. 243–257). Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Archila, P. A., Ortiz, B. T., & Truscott de Mejía, A. M. (2025). Beyond the passive absorption of information: Engaging students in the critical reading of scientific articles. Science & Education, 34, 2189–2223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-024-00507-1
Bailin, S., Case, R., Coombs, J. R., & Daniels, L. B. (1999). Conceptualizing critical thinking. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(3), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/002202799183133
Bartholomae, D., & Petrosky, A. (1991). Ways of reading: An anthology for writers. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
Behrens, L., & Rosen, L. J. (2013). Writing and reading across the curriculum. Pearson.
Bizzell, P. (1992). Academic discourse and critical consciousness. University of Pittsburgh Press.
Carrell, P. L. (1989). Metacognitive awareness and second language reading. The Modern Language Journal, 73(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb02538.x
Carrell, P. L., & Eisterhold, J. C. (1983). Schema theory and ESL reading pedagogy. TESOL Quarterly, 17(4), 553–573. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586611
Cervetti, G., Pardales, M. J., & Damico, J. S. (2001). Developing literacy in the content areas. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dozier, C., Johnston, P., & Rogers, R. (2000). Critical literacy: A curriculum for social change. Language Arts, 77(2), 104–115.
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Continuum.
Hà, L. T. A., & Huertas-Abril, C. A. (2024). Teaching critical reading in higher education: A literature review and pedagogical framework proposal. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 53, 101599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101599
Harris, J. (1993). Rewriting: How to do things with texts. Utah State University Press.
Kuhn, D. (1999). A developmental model of critical thinking. Educational Researcher, 28(2), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028002016
Luke, A. (1996). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and position. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 39(5), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1598/JAAL.39.5.6
McWhorter, K. (2010). Essential reading skills: Preparing for college reading. Pearson.
Olifant, F. M. (2024). Breaking the cycle of poor critical reading comprehension: A strategy-based intervention. Literator, 45(1), a2080. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v45i1.2080
O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117–175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0102_1
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life. Pearson.
Pressley, M. (2000). What should comprehension instruction be the instruction of? In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. 545–562). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Pressley, M., & Afflerbach, P. (1995). Verbal protocols of reading: The nature of constructively responsive reading. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Pressley, M., & Woloshyn, V. (1995). Cognitive strategy instruction that really improves children’s academic performance. Brookline Books.
Pauk, W., & Owens, R. (2013). How to study in college (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Southern Illinois University Press.
Rosenblatt, L. M. (1982). The literary transaction: Evocation and response. Theory into Practice, 21(4), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405848209543049
Rosenblatt, L. M. (1994). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Southern Illinois University Press.
Rumelhart, D. E. (1977). Toward an interactive model of reading. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 361–379). Erlbaum.
Rumelhart, D. E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In R. J. Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension (pp. 33–58). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Stanovich, K. E. (1980). Toward an interactive-compensatory model of individual differences in the development of reading fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 16(1), 32–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/747348
Stevens, L. P., & Bean, T. W. (2007). Critical literacy: Context, research, and practice in the K–12 classroom. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Walker, A., Yoon, B., & Pankowski, J. (2024). The role of the reader in constructing meaning in texts. BSU English. https://bsuenglish.com/the-role-of-the-reader-in-constructing-meaning-in-texts/
Ghimire, N., & Mokhtari, K. (2025). Evaluating the predictive power of metacognitive reading strategies across diverse educational contexts. Large-scale Assess in Educ, 13, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00240-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) - Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to a repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.